The Continuance Institute

The Practice

Offices and their terms

Some of the work of the houses has a name attached to it and a date on which it stops. This page sets out what each of those names covers, what it does not, how it is laid down, and what happens in the periods — which are ordinary — when nobody is holding it.

An office is held for a period and then handed to somebody else. It is a quantity of work with a name on it. It carries no precedence at a table, no vote that counts double, no title used in address, and no payment. A person who has held four offices over thirty years has exactly the standing of a person who has held none.

The offices below are printed in the order in which they were first written down. The order carries nothing. There is no office above another, no office that must be held before another may be, and no office that is a step toward anything.

An office is unpaid and is held for a term. A post is a job, is advertised, and is paid at a published figure. Thirteen people are employed across six posts. Where a post carries the same name as an office — archivist, treasurer, correspondent, custodian — the employment and the office are separate: a person may hold either, or both, and holding one confers no claim on the other. Being paid adds no authority and removes none.

The offices

Steward

House · Six years · Unpaid; out-of-pocket costs returned

Keeps a house running: the fabric, the rota, the meals, the correspondence nobody else has answered.

Taken up

The house puts forward a name at its winter meeting; the stewardship appoints. A house may put forward a person who has said they would rather not, and frequently does, and the person may decline without giving a reason.

Term

Six years. Renewable twice on the house's request, each renewal put to the house in the winter meeting. A fourth consecutive term is not made. Three years out before the office may be taken again at the same house.

What it covers

  • Holds the keys, the accounts of the house, and the weather book.
  • Sets the rota with the rota clerk and settles clashes on it.
  • Answers letters addressed to the house and refers what is not the house's to answer.
  • Decides who sleeps where and when the boiler is repaired.

What it does not carry

  • Cannot admit or remove a member; standing is a matter of the Record and not of a house.
  • Cannot speak for the Institute, to the press or to anyone else.
  • Cannot alter a record already entered, only enter a further one beside it.
  • Cannot appoint their own successor or sit in the meeting that puts a name forward for their own renewal.
  • Cannot spend above the house's standing figure without the treasurer, and the figure is printed in the annual report.

Objecting to it

In writing to the archivist, who enters it beside the decision objected to. The steward answers in the same file or does not; both are visible.

Laying it down

On a month's notice in writing, at any time, without reasons. A release is entered on FRM/1989/02 and is not annotated.

When nobody holds it

The rota clerk holds the keys and the ordinary business continues on the standing rota. A house has run without a steward for as long as fourteen months and the books show nothing unusual for that period.

Access and accommodation

The work may be divided between two people holding jointly, and has been at three houses. A steward who cannot manage stairs is not thereby unsuited; the house moves what it keeps upstairs.

At a circle

A circle has no steward of its own. A steward of the affiliated house is attached to it and attends when asked.

How the work goes wrong

A steward who is very good at it and stays too long. The house stops learning how to run itself, and the second term ends with more knowledge in one head than in the books.

Convener

Circle · One year · Unpaid; out-of-pocket costs returned

Finds the room, sets the date, and makes sure someone has brought the food.

Taken up

Chosen by those who attend, at an ordinary meeting, by asking who is willing. Where two are willing the circle takes both and they divide the year.

Term

One year. Renewable once. A convener may not serve a third consecutive year. One year out. Conveners commonly return after three or four.

What it covers

  • Books the room and pays for it out of the circle's small account.
  • Keeps the circle book: dates, numbers present, work undertaken, substitutions at the reading.
  • Signs the annual return to the affiliated house.

What it does not carry

  • Cannot bind the circle to work it has not agreed to at a meeting.
  • Cannot hold the circle's money in a personal account.
  • Cannot decide who may attend; a circle that meets in public meets in public.
  • Cannot speak for the house or for the Institute.

Objecting to it

Said at the meeting, and where it concerns the book, written into the book. The attached steward may be asked to read the file and usually declines to intervene.

Laying it down

At any meeting, by saying so. Somebody else takes the diary that evening and the change is entered in the book with the date.

When nobody holds it

The circle continues; the room is booked by whoever remembers. Two circles have gone a year without a convener and returned an ordinary annual return at the end of it.

Access and accommodation

The book may be kept by one person and the room by another. Circles meeting in a language other than English keep the book in that language and the return in both.

At a circle

This is the circle office. It has no equivalent at a house.

How the work goes wrong

A circle where the same person has quietly done everything for six years under two years' worth of titles, and the year they are ill nothing happens at all.

Archivist

Institute · Seven years · Unpaid; out-of-pocket costs returned

Accessions, catalogues, conserves, and refuses to tidy. Holds the papers and enters what is said about them.

Taken up

Appointed by the stewardship after the post is notified to all houses and circles. Applicants say what they would do in the first year; the letters are kept.

Term

Seven years. Renewable once, after a review printed in the annual report. Not renewed a second time. The office is not returned to. Two former archivists have gone on cataloguing as ordinary members.

What it covers

  • Accessions papers and assigns references in the standing form adopted in 1996.
  • Enters corrections and objections beside the records they concern.
  • Decides conservation priority within the sum the treasurer has set.
  • Withholds a name or an address where a living person would be harmed, and records that a withholding has been made.

What it does not carry

  • Cannot destroy a record. Nothing accessioned leaves the Record; a closed item is closed and stays.
  • Cannot amend a record that has been entered; only enter another beside it.
  • Cannot decide what the Institute's history means, and has twice been told so in the minutes.
  • Cannot open a closed item at the request of the stewardship alone.

Objecting to it

In writing. The objection is accessioned, given its own reference, and filed with the item. Several are longer than the items they object to.

Laying it down

Six months' notice, so that an accession in progress is finished or plainly abandoned in writing.

When nobody holds it

Accessioning stops and reading-room requests are answered by the correspondent from what is already catalogued. The gap of 1993 lasted eleven months and the backlog took four years to clear.

Access and accommodation

The reading room is at ground level and papers are brought to the reader. Large-print finding aids are kept for the whole catalogue and not on request.

At a circle

A circle keeps its book and nothing else. Where a circle dissolves, its book is deposited with the affiliated house and accessioned there.

How the work goes wrong

The tidy archivist: the one who finds the record embarrassing, files it deep, and writes a summary that is kinder than the paper.

Correspondent

Institute · Three years · Unpaid; out-of-pocket costs returned

Answers the post that is addressed to the Institute rather than to a house, including the post nobody wants.

Taken up

Appointed by the stewardship from names put forward by any two houses. The appointment is notified in the annual report with the name and the term.

Term

Three years. Renewable twice. Three years out.

What it covers

  • Answers enquiries, including hostile ones, in the same form and at the same length.
  • Declines, on the Institute's behalf, to comment on a member's standing or on a private matter.
  • Keeps the correspondence file and refers what belongs to a house to that house.

What it does not carry

  • Cannot make a statement of position on behalf of the Institute; there is no such statement to make.
  • Cannot name a member to an enquirer, including to a member of that person's family.
  • Cannot answer for the archivist on an access question.
  • Cannot decline to answer a letter merely because it is rude.

Objecting to it

A member who thinks a letter was wrongly answered writes to the archivist; the reply and the objection are filed together and both are open.

Laying it down

Two months' notice. The open file is listed and handed over item by item.

When nobody holds it

Letters are answered by the steward of the North House, slowly, and the delay is stated in the reply.

Access and accommodation

The office may be held by post, telephone, or plain-text mail alone. Nothing in it requires travel and no correspondent has been asked to attend a meeting to hold it.

At a circle

Circles answer their own local post. A circle that receives an enquiry about the Institute passes it on and says it has done so.

How the work goes wrong

The fluent correspondent, who begins to enjoy writing the letters, and the letters begin to have a voice, and the voice begins to sound like a position.

Rota Clerk

House · One year · Unpaid

Draws up the rota, records what was done, and chases nobody.

Taken up

Taken by whoever is willing, at the house's winter meeting.

Term

One year. Renewable. A clerk who has drawn the rota for four years running is asked to stand down for one, and the request is not a criticism. One year out.

What it covers

  • Draws the rota a season ahead and posts it in the kitchen.
  • Records hours given and received in the house ledger.
  • Swaps duties on request without asking why.

What it does not carry

  • Cannot put a person on the rota who has not agreed to be on it.
  • Cannot record a judgement of how the work was done, only that it was done or was not.
  • Cannot use the rota to encourage attendance.

Objecting to it

Crossed out on the sheet in the kitchen and initialled, which is the whole procedure.

Laying it down

At once, by handing the folder to somebody else and telling the steward.

When nobody holds it

The previous season's rota is repeated until somebody takes the folder. This is common in summer.

Access and accommodation

The rota is kept on paper and in a plain electronic list, and either may be the one that governs; where they differ the paper is read and the list corrected.

At a circle

A circle has no clerk. The convener keeps the same information on one page.

How the work goes wrong

The clerk who begins to notice who never appears on the sheet, and mentions it, and turns a list of duties into a register of character.

Reader

Evening · One evening · Unpaid

The person who reads aloud after the silence. The office lasts one evening.

Taken up

Asked in the hour before the meal, usually by the person setting the table.

Term

One evening. Nothing is renewed. The next evening the question is asked again. None. Houses avoid asking the same person twice in a month, and forget to.

What it covers

  • Chooses the reading, from the Reader or from anything else.
  • Cuts a long text to length.
  • Gives the author and the source after the reading.

What it does not carry

  • Cannot say anything about the reading afterwards.
  • Cannot read for more than four hundred words.
  • Cannot be required to read; the question is a question.

Objecting to it

Said out loud at the table, immediately, by anyone, and it is not entered anywhere.

Laying it down

Handing the book to the person beside you.

When nobody holds it

There is no reading. The meal begins.

Access and accommodation

A reading may be given from memory, in another language, in large print, or by two people alternating. A person who does not wish to read aloud may ask another to read their choice.

At a circle

The same, in a hired room, from whichever edition the circle owns.

How the work goes wrong

The good reader who is asked every week, until the evening has a voice.

Custodian

House · Three years · Unpaid; out-of-pocket costs returned

Answerable for one building or one thing in it: the roof, the boiler, the orchard wall, the clock.

Taken up

Appointed by the steward with the house's agreement, for a named fabric and not for the house at large.

Term

Three years. Renewable twice, then the fabric is given to somebody else even where nothing is wrong. The custodianship of that fabric is not returned to. Another may be taken at once.

What it covers

  • Inspects on the standing interval and enters the condition, including where it has not changed.
  • Orders small repairs within the figure set for that fabric.
  • Keeps the file of drawings, invoices, and the names of the trades used.

What it does not carry

  • Cannot alter the fabric, only maintain it.
  • Cannot defer an entered defect twice without the steward and the treasurer.
  • Cannot hold more than two custodianships at one time.

Objecting to it

Written in the fabric file, where it stays with the drawings. Members have objected to a repair and been right twice in the period covered by the published accounts.

Laying it down

One month, and an inspection entered on the day of handing over.

When nobody holds it

The steward holds the fabric and enters the inspections, and the annual report prints the fabric as held by the steward, which is read as a mild complaint.

Access and accommodation

A custodian who cannot climb inspects with a second person and enters both names. No inspection requires a ladder to be legitimate.

At a circle

A circle that keeps a tool store appoints a custodian for it on the same terms and enters the inspection in the circle book.

How the work goes wrong

The custodian who repairs beautifully and records nothing, so that the next one finds a sound roof and no idea what was done to it.

Treasurer

Institute · Four years · Unpaid; out-of-pocket costs returned

Keeps the accounts, sets the standing figures, and publishes both whether or not the year was a good one.

Taken up

Appointed by the stewardship on the nomination of at least three houses, and only after the previous year's accounts have been published.

Term

Four years. Renewable once. Two consecutive terms is the whole of it. Four years out, and the accounts of the terms held are examined by the incoming treasurer first.

What it covers

  • Keeps the accounts of the Institute and consolidates those of the houses.
  • Sets the standing figure each house and each fabric may spend without asking.
  • Publishes the annual accounts in the report, in full, including legacies declined.
  • Refuses a payment that has no paper.

What it does not carry

  • Cannot accept a gift conditional on anything at all.
  • Cannot pay any person for holding an office.
  • Cannot hold the accounts unpublished for more than fifteen months.
  • Cannot examine their own terms on leaving; the incoming treasurer does that and prints the result.

Objecting to it

Any member may ask for the working behind any published figure and is sent it. Four asked in the last reported year and all four were sent it.

Laying it down

Three months, and not between the close of a year and the publication of its accounts.

When nobody holds it

Standing figures continue unchanged and no new commitment is entered into. The 1988 vacancy lasted seven months and is the reason the notice period exists.

Access and accommodation

The accounts are kept in a plain tabular form that can be read aloud by a screen reader, a decision taken in 1998 and never reversed.

At a circle

A circle's small account is kept by its convener and returned annually to the affiliated house, which consolidates it.

How the work goes wrong

The prudent treasurer who keeps a reserve nobody voted for, out of kindness, and finds after six years that the Institute has a fund and no memory of agreeing to it.

The term register

Printed in the annual report each year since 1988, and reproduced here in part. Vacancies are listed with everything else, because they are part of the same record.

OfficeHeld byAtFromEnded
ArchivistRuth ElleryKept the papers in shoeboxes by year and said so in every annual report.The Institute19791986Term expired; not renewed at her request.
ArchivistDaniel HargreavesBegan the accession register. Left the classification unfinished and wrote a note saying which parts he had guessed at.The Institute19861993Term expired.
ArchivistVacantEleven months. Accessioning stopped; reading-room requests were answered from the catalogue as it stood.The Institute19931994Filled April 1994.
ArchivistJudith AmblesideAdopted the standing reference form in 1996 and recatalogued eleven thousand items backwards into it over five years.The Institute19942001Term expired.
ArchivistConstance RoweRefused to abridge the antecedents series in 2007 and wrote the memorandum saying why.The Institute20012015Two terms; expired.
ArchivistGunnar SørhaugHolds the correspondence series and answers the standing objections to it in writing, at length, in the file.The Institute2015Second term; ends 2029 and is not renewable.
TreasurerAlan PettiferHeld two terms and then a third by inadvertence; the third is the reason the register is now printed annually.The Institute19811988Resigned mid-term.
TreasurerVacantSeven months. No new commitment was entered into; the standing figures were left where they were.The Institute19881989Filled February 1989.
TreasurerMargit HalloranForced the publication of the house accounts in full, including the two legacies the stewardship had declined and not mentioned.The Institute19891997Term expired.
TreasurerCyril NwosuThe Institute19972005Term expired.
TreasurerBeatrix FennIntroduced the tabular form of the accounts after an objection about legibility.The Institute20052013Term expired.
TreasurerSolveig RaskThe Institute2021First term; ends 2025 and has been put to the houses for renewal.
CorrespondentFrances OttleyDeclined, in 1984, to give a national newspaper a statement of the Institute's position, on the ground that there was none to give.The Institute19821991Term expired.
CorrespondentPeter AmiotThe Institute19942003Term expired; later Steward at Shore House.
CorrespondentIlse BrennerThe Institute2018Third term; ends 2027 and is not renewable.
StewardMara EvensenNorth House2011Third term; ends 2029 and is not renewable.
StewardNaomi WhitlockHer objection of 2013, made as an ordinary member, is the reason gatherings are now held at ground level or not held.Orchard House2021First term; ends 2027.
StewardAda MbekiAttached to three circles that were wound up in 2019 and wrote the closing entries for all three herself.River House20142020Released at her own request, eight months early.
StewardVacantFourteen months. The rota clerk held the keys and the books show an ordinary year.Fell House20132014Filled February 2014.

Names the Record keeps

Kept for a decision, a piece of work, or a disagreement. None of them ran the Institute; there has never been anybody who did.

Judith Ambleside

1941–2018 · Archivist, 1994–2001

Adopted the reference form still in use and spent five years applying it backwards to material that had been filed by whoever happened to be holding it.

Ambleside came to the office after an eleven-month vacancy and inherited a catalogue in three incompatible systems, one of which was a set of index cards ordered by the colour of the folder. Her report of 2001 describes the work without complaint and lists, by year, the items she was unable to place.

The form she adopted — kind, year, sequence — is the one every reference on this site is written in. It was not her invention; she took it from a county records office and said so. Her contribution was to apply it to eleven thousand items already accessioned, which took the whole of her term and is the reason the term was not renewed: she asked not to be.

She held that a catalogue should make an item findable by somebody who does not already know it exists, and that any other purpose a catalogue is put to is a purpose it should be resisted in. She left a list of the guesses she had made. Two have since been corrected, and the corrections are filed beside her entries rather than in place of them.

REP/2001/04Report on the cataloguing standard

Margit Halloran

1938–2016 · Treasurer, 1989–1997

Insisted that the accounts be published in full, including the gifts the Institute had turned down and had not thought worth mentioning.

Halloran took the office after a seven-month vacancy and found that the houses' accounts were consolidated for the stewardship and summarised for everyone else. She proposed that the full accounts be printed in the annual report. The proposal was resisted, mildly, on the ground that nobody would read them.

The minute of July 1989 records her reply: that the question is not whether they are read but whether they could be. The resolution carried, and the accounts have been printed in full every year since, including in the years when the sums were awkward.

She also caused the two declined legacies of 1986 and 1991 to be printed with the conditions that had been attached to them. Both had been declined correctly. Neither had been mentioned to the membership, and she held that a refusal made on the membership's behalf is a thing the membership is entitled to know about.

MIN/1989/07Minute on the publication of accountsLED/1990/01First published summary of house accounts

Frances Ottley

1929–2009 · Correspondent, 1982–1991

Answered a national newspaper's request for a statement of the Institute's position by explaining, at length and politely, that there was not one.

In the autumn of 1984 a newspaper asked the Institute to set out its beliefs in three hundred words for a series on private societies. Ottley's reply is two pages long and declines. It offers the reporter the procedures, the accounts, the annual report, the address of the North House, and the name of nobody.

The refusal was not a refusal to be looked at. Ottley invited the reporter to attend an Open Table, and the reporter did, and the resulting article was unenthusiastic and accurate. She kept it in the correspondence file and it is still there.

Her reasoning has outlasted her: that an institution which can produce a statement of its position has acquired a position, and will thereafter defend it. The letter is read to new correspondents, without ceremony, as an example of the length at which it is proper to decline.

COR/1984/065Letter declining a statement to a newspaper

Ada Mbeki

b. 1962 · Steward, River House, 2014–2020

Attached steward to three circles wound up in the 2019 review; wrote all three closing entries herself and attended the last meeting of each.

The 2019 review found three circles that had not met in more than two years. Winding them up was a matter of paperwork: a final entry, the deposit of the circle book with the affiliated house, and a letter to everyone on the list.

Mbeki did the paperwork and then did the part that is not paperwork. She travelled to each locality and sat in the last meeting, where there was one. Her letters to the members are in the file and are almost identical, which she was criticised for. Her answer was that the three closures were the same event and it would have been dishonest to dress them differently.

No member's standing was affected by any of the three closures, and the letters say so in the first paragraph rather than the last.

MIN/2019/06Minute of the review of circles

Naomi Whitlock

b. 1971 · Steward, Orchard House, from 2021

Objected in 2013, as an ordinary member holding no office, to a gathering held in a first-floor room she could not reach. The objection changed the procedure.

The objection is one page. It does not argue that the house was unkind. It argues that a gathering nobody can be excluded from, held in a room that excludes, is not the thing the procedure describes, and that the procedure was therefore being breached rather than merely applied awkwardly.

The stewardship agreed within four months, which is fast. The standing instruction since is that a gathering is held at ground level, or with a means of reaching it that does not require asking, or it is not held. Two houses moved their table. One rebuilt an entrance. One gathering was cancelled for a year while this was done and the cancellation is entered.

Whitlock has said, in a later minute, that she does not wish the objection cited as an example of the Institute correcting itself, on the ground that it took thirty-nine years to notice. That remark is also entered.

PRO/2014/02Circular amending the form of gathering

Alan Pettifer

1930–2004 · Treasurer, 1981–1988; resigned

Held the office through a third term nobody had voted for, resigned when it was pointed out, and wrote the note that produced the printed term register.

The accounts of Pettifer's third term are sound; the examination found nothing. What was wrong was that the term existed. Renewal had been by the stewardship's silence rather than by anybody's decision, twice, and the second time carried him four years past the limit.

He resigned in the same month it was raised, in a letter that does not defend the position and does not apologise for it either. He proposed that the register of who holds what, and until when, be printed in the annual report where the membership could see the dates without asking for them.

It has been printed every year since. It is one page. It is generally agreed to be the least interesting page in the report, and it is the reason nobody has held an office past its term in the thirty-seven years since.

MEM/1997/03Memorandum on what an office does not carry

Edwin Carrow

b. 1955 · Rota clerk, Cedar House, 1991–1994; separated 1996

Left the Institute in 1996 and has written about it critically since. The Record keeps the criticism and stewards are expected to have read it.

Carrow's account, published privately in 1999 and reprinted twice, argues that an institution which records everything about itself does not thereby become answerable; it becomes exhausting to argue with. He describes the practice of entering an objection beside a decision as a way of absorbing objection rather than acting on it, and gives four examples, of which the archivist has conceded two.

He is not a former believer and does not write as one. He held one office, for three years, and left over a specific disagreement about a specific building. He declined an invitation to reply in the Journal on the ground that publication in the Institute's own pages would make the criticism part of the Institute's record of its own good conduct, which is his whole argument.

His book is on the reading list given to incoming archivists and correspondents. Two of his four examples remain uncorrected and the file says which.

MEM/1997/03Memorandum on what an office does not carry

A life in the practiceThe housesThe circles